November 20, 2023
1. Introduction Bear bile is a valuable and significant medicinal material in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history of use in China […]
March 27, 2022
Introduction Bear bile powder is a kind of precious material that has been used as medicine and healthcare supplementary thousands of years ago in Asia area […]
September 25, 2020
1 INTRODUCTION Pangolins (Mammalia: Pholidota) are a highly specialised order of mammals covered with scales instead of fur. They feed mostly on ants and termites, and […]
July 28, 2020
1. Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic.1 Its origin remains unclear. Several studies […]
January 2, 2017
INTRODUCTION Many people use the terms horns and antlers inter- changeably. They both grow from an animal’s forehead and both are used for the assertion of […]
October 27, 2016
Introduction The horns of rhinoceros (Rhinoceri Asiatici Cornu, RH), Saiga antelope (Saigae Tataricae Cornu, SAH) and water buffalo (Bubali Cornu, WBH) have been applied in traditional […]
March 21, 2016
1. Introduction Bear bile is the dried gallbladder bile collected from the black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), the brown bear (Ursus arctos), or other species of Ursidae, […]
January 12, 2009
Background Bears live in all the continents except Africa, Antarctica, and Australia, and they are classified into eight species including giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The largest […]
January 2, 2006
1. Introduction and overview 1.1. Introduction 1.1.1. The popularity of traditional medicine The use of traditional medicine (TM) containing ingredients obtained from animals and plants has […]